![]() With the largest production by far, silicon PV cells exhibits an impressive reduction of the production expenses over the last decades. The more developed a technology is, the less expensive it becomes to increase the installed capacity by an additional watt. This review will focus on the achievements of the mature first- and second-generation technologies to introduce the challenges currently faced by new concepts. Research and development in solar technologies has led to remarkable improvements on all aspects, which we will briefly present to account for the situation of the field. several cells assembled in an operable device), and the total energy provided by the module, which in turn depends on its lifetime and conversion efficiency. The ability of any solar technology to address the issue of energy production relies on the balance between the investments required to produce and install a module (i.e. Third-generation solar cells are sometimes referred to as ‘emerging concepts’ because of their low market penetration, although some of them have been investigated for over 25 years. ‘Third generation’ solar cells (tandem, perovskite, dye-sensitized, organic, new concepts, …) account for a broad spectrum of concepts, ranging from low-cost low-efficiency systems (dye-sensitized, organic solar cells) to high-cost high-efficiency systems (III–V multijunction), with various purposes from building integration to space applications. ![]()
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March 2023
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